Affiliation of the journal: Scientific Publishing Center «InterConf» Journal frequency: irregulay36-42 times per year Topic of the journal: multidisciplinary Indexation: Google Scholar
Scientific Publishing Center «InterConf»
Analysis and Forecasting of Azerbaijan’s Balance of Payments Based on VECM and Comparison with the ARDL Model
The aim of this study. To empirically establish long-run cointegrating relationships between the main determinants of the current account using the Engle–Granger two-step Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), to quantify the speed of the short-run error correction mechanism, to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of the model, and to construct a medium-term forecasting framework encompassing oil price scenarios. Materials and methods. The study is based on a dataset of 96 quarterly observations covering 2001Q1–2024Q4, drawn from the official macroeconomic statistics of the Central Bank of Azerbaijan [1]. The Engle–Granger (1987) two-step procedure [2] was applied: in the first step, a long-run OLS regression was estimated; in the second step, an ADF test on the residuals [3] independently confirmed cointegration (t = −4.784, p = 0.000). Short-run dynamics were then estimated through the VECM equation. Diagnostic validity was assessed using the Breusch–Godfrey LM, Jarque–Bera, White, and Durbin–Watson tests. All computations were carried out using the EViews 12 software package. Results. The ECT coefficient of the VECM (−0.2929, t = −3.119, p = 0.003) indicates that approximately 29% of each quarter's equilibrium deviation is automatically corrected, with full restoration requiring roughly 3.4 quarters (~10 months). The long-run regression confirmed the dominant role of oil and gas exports (+1.167, p < 0.001), the structural burden imposed by FDI through the repatriation channel (−0.880, p < 0.001), and the adverse structural effect of foreign trade via import growth (−379.47, p < 0.001). The model demonstrated high explanatory power: R² = 0.897, F = 92.61***. The dynamic forecast outperforms the naïve benchmark (Theil U = 0.159); under the baseline scenario (Brent ≈ USD 75–80/barrel), a positive current account balance is projected to be sustained throughout 2025–2026. Conclusion. This study completes the methodological link that complements the preceding ARDL-based work [4]: the ECT coefficients of both models are negative and statistically significant (ARDL: −0.396; VECM: −0.293), and the sign structure of the long-run coefficients is identical — demonstrating that two independent methodological approaches reflect the same underlying economic reality. The scenario-based forecasting framework provides an empirical foundation for the diversification targets embedded in Azerbaijan's 2030 Strategic Roadmap.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Current Trends in Organizational Change Management in Organizations
The article analyzes the current trends in the management of organizational changes. Implementation of changes is one of the main functions of management, which implies both formalization of organizational changes and change management. The article examines the profile of a specialist’s competencies in the field of organizational change through education, the ADKAR – Prosci training model of change.
Increasing Operational Efficiency of Companies
The scientific article examines the most potential solutions for increasing the operational efficiency of production systems of companies in the Azerbaijan economy. The relevance of the study is due to the rapid development of technological innovations that can be used to improve the operational activities of enterprises. The theoretical foundations of operational activity and its place in ensuring the economic efficiency of the company’s production are considered. Practical examples of AR companies in making decisions to improve operational efficiency are analyzed. Recommendations are formulated on the use of technological innovations in the development of production systems that have a direct impact on the economic indicators of the efficiency of their operating activities. An algorithm of measures aimed at optimizing operating activities by reducing production costs is proposed.
Організація статистичних спостережень на автомобільному транспорті
Автомобільний транспорт посідає ключове місце у народному господарстві країни, задовольняючи потреби як громадян, так і комерційних структур у переміщенні товарів та людей. Проте, аби керувати цією сферою, життєво необхідні точні статистичні дані, збирання яких вимагає бездоганно налагодженого механізму облікових заходів. В статті пропонується комплексний підхід до статистичного спостереження на автомобільному транспорті.
Сравнительный анализ оказания гинекологической помощи в круглосуточном стационаре на платной и безвозмездной основе при клинике ТОО Эколайф
В статье представлены результаты сравнительного анализа оказания гинекологической помощи в круглосуточном стационаре на платной и безвозмездной основе на базе ТОО «Эколайф». В работе установлено, что платная модель обеспечивает более высокие показатели оперативности, комфорта, информированности и общей удовлетворённости пациенток, тогда как бесплатная помощь выполняет значимую социальную функцию, но сопровождается организационными и сервисными ограничениями. По итогам исследования обоснованы практические направления совершенствования процесса оказания гинекологической помощи в круглосуточном стационаре.
Організація бухгалтерського обліку в бюджетних установах за умов використання засобів цифровізації: особливості та ризики
В статті розглядаються переваги та ризики цифровізації бухгалтерського обліку бюджетних установ, а також визначається вплив засобів цифровізації на організацію бухгалтерського обліку згаданих суб’єктів. Встановлено, що засоби цифровізації позитивно впливають на технологічний процес обробки облікової інформації, однак й обумовлюють появу ризиків, відповідно їх застосування має враховуватись при визначенні облікової політики та організації діяльності працівників бухгалтерської служби бюджетної установи, з подальшим здійсненням контролю ризиків, що матимуть місце за означених обставин.
The Use of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) in Primary Education
In the context of globalization and increasing intercultural communication, the importance of learning foreign languages from an early age has significantly grown. Traditional language teaching methods, which often separate language learning from subject content, are gradually being replaced by more integrated approaches.
The Effectiveness of Game-Based Learning in Teaching English in Primary Education
In recent years, game-based learning has gained significant attention as an innovative teaching approach, especially in primary education. This paper examines the effectiveness of game-based learning in teaching English to young learners. The study focuses on how the integration of games into the educational process influences students’ motivation, engagement, and language acquisition. The research is based on theoretical analysis and a review of pedagogical studies. The findings indicate that game-based learning enhances vocabulary development, improves communication skills, and increases learners’ overall academic performance. Furthermore, it supports cognitive, social, and emotional development. The paper concludes that game-based learning is an effective and necessary method in modern English language teaching.
Жи-құралдарын қолдану арқылы болашақ арнайы педагогтердің сыни ойлауын қалыптастыру
Қазіргі білім беру жүйесінің цифрландыру жағдайында болашақ арнайы педагогтердің кәсіби даярлығын жетілдіру мәселесі өзекті бағыттардың біріне айналып отыр. Әсіресе, сыни ойлау дағдыларын қалыптастыру олардың кәсіби қызметінде тиімді шешім қабылдаудың маңызды алғышарты ретінде қарастырылады. Осы зерттеу жұмысының мақсаты – жасанды интеллект құралдарын пайдалану негізінде болашақ арнайы педагогтердің сыни ойлауын қалыптастырудың тиімді жолдарын ғылыми тұрғыда негіздеу. Зерттеу барысында сыни ойлау теориялары, оның құрылымдық компоненттері және педагогикалық мәні талданды. Сонымен қатар жасанды интеллект құралдарының (чат-боттар, адаптивті оқыту жүйелері, аналитикалық платформалар) білім беру үдерісіндегі мүмкіндіктері қарастырылды. Арнайы педагогика саласындағы цифрлық технологияларды қолдану ерекшеліктері айқындалып, инклюзивті білім беру жағдайындағы олардың рөлі сипатталды. Зерттеу әдістері ретінде теориялық талдау, салыстыру, жүйелеу, сондай-ақ эмпирикалық әдістер – педагогикалық эксперимент, бақылау, сауалнама және тестілеу қолданылды. Эксперимент нәтижелері жасанды интеллект құралдарын жүйелі қолдану студенттердің сыни ойлау деңгейін арттыруға оң әсер ететінін көрсетті. Атап айтқанда, білім алушылардың ақпаратты талдау, бағалау, дәлелдеу және рефлексия жасау дағдыларының дамуы байқалды. Зерттеудің ғылыми жаңалығы – жасанды интеллект құралдарын қолдану арқылы болашақ арнайы педагогтердің сыни ойлауын қалыптастырудың авторлық моделі ұсынылып, оның тиімділігі тәжірибелік тұрғыда дәлелденді. Практикалық маңызы – ұсынылған әдістемелік тәсілдерді жоғары оқу орындарының білім беру үдерісінде қолдану мүмкіндігімен анықталады.
Machine Learning-Based Forecasting of LRU Demand and Implementation in Kazakhstan Base Airports
This paper addresses the optimization of aviation spare parts logistics at base airports. Particular attention is given to Line Replaceable Units (LRUs), which play a critical role in ensuring aircraft operational readiness. The limitations of traditional inventory management methods are analyzed, and the need for the implementation of digital technologies is substantiated. An approach to forecasting LRU demand based on machine learning techniques is proposed. An example of economic impact assessment is presented. It is shown that the implementation of intelligent forecasting systems enables a reduction in inventory holding costs and minimizes aircraft-on-ground (AOG) events.
Микрогравитация жағдайындағы лимфа жүйесінің және қанның физиологиялық өзгерістері
Ұзақ мерзімді ғарыштық ұшулар жағдайында адам ағзасында жүретін физиологиялық өзгерістердің ішінде қан айналымы мен иммундық жүйенің бұзылыстары ерекше маңызға ие. Соңғы жылдары Халықаралық ғарыш станциясындағы миссиялардың ұзақтығы артып, болашақта Ай мен Марсқа бағытталған экспедициялар жоспарлануына байланысты микрогравитация жағдайында ағзаның бейімделу механизмдерін зерттеу өзекті мәселеге айналды.
Integration of Azerbaijani National Ornaments into Modern Clothing
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical evolution of Azerbaijani national ornaments, focusing on their semantic meanings and aesthetic characteristics. It also examines various methods of integrating these traditional motifs into modern clothing design and identifies key challenges associated with this process. The research demonstrates that the synthesis of national ornamentation with contemporary fashion not only preserves cultural heritage but also contributes to the development of innovative and sustainable design solutions in the global fashion industry.
The Development Stages of Digital Media and Audiovisual Design in the Modern Era
In the modern age, the rapid development of digital technologies has significantly influenced media and design, transforming traditional communication methods and creating a new media environment characterized by interactivity, adaptability, and multimedia integration. As a result, digital media and audiovisual design have evolved into dynamic fields that combine technological innovation with creative expression. This article examines the main stages in the evolution of digital media and audiovisual design, focusing on their development, key characteristics, and current trends. It considers the role of technological innovation, the impact of digital platforms, and the changing approaches to visual communication and design practices. The study shows that digital media and audiovisual design continue to evolve through the interaction of technology and creativity, shaping contemporary forms of communication and visual culture.
Адикції (залежності) військовослужбовців та їх профілактика
Під час діяльності військових колективів особовий склад постійно відчуває високий рівень психофізіологічного напруження. В екстремальних умовах психіка окремих військовослужбовців шукає способи швидкого розвантаження (полегшення), вони вдаються до вживання спиртних напоїв, наркотичних речовин, енергетиків, або за допомогою сучасних гаджетів намагаються/відключаються від навколишнього середовища, виконання в повному об’ємі бойових/службових завдань. На перших порах ці прийоми забезпечують полегшення, але при систематичному застосуванні виснажують нервову систему, викликають психологічну залежність, яка з часом переростає у фізичну, призводить до руйнівних станів, викликає тривогу, депресію, роздратування, а у декого виражену психологічну патологію.
Novel Approaches to the Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance
Helicobacter pylori infection remains one of the most prevalent chronic bacterial diseases worldwide and a key etiological factor in peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Despite the availability of established eradication regimens, the effectiveness of standard therapies has declined in recent years, primarily due to the growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains, particularly to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin. This review analyzes contemporary treatment strategies for H. pylori infection with a focus on approaches that address antibiotic resistance. Current evidence supports the transition from empiric standard triple therapy to optimized regimens, including bismuth-based quadruple therapy, concomitant therapy, and tailored treatment guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing where available. The role of novel acid suppression strategies, such as potassium-competitive acid blockers, is also considered, given their potential to enhance eradication rates by improving intragastric pH control. In addition, emerging therapeutic directions are discussed, including the use of rifabutin-based regimens, high-dose dual therapy, and adjunctive approaches aimed at improving treatment adherence and microbiological outcomes. The clinical implications of regional resistance patterns and the importance of individualized treatment selection are emphasized. A shift toward resistance-adapted and patient-specific strategies appears essential to maintain high eradication success rates. Future treatment algorithms should integrate local epidemiological data, optimize pharmacological combinations, and reduce unnecessary antibiotic exposure to limit further resistance development.
Efficacy of Dopamine Agonists (Cabergoline vs Bromocriptine) in Galactorrhea–Amenorrhea Syndrome
Galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome is a condition caused by hyperprolactinemia where inappropriate milk secretion and menstrual irregularities are seen. GAS is known to have considerable physiological, reproductive, and social impact on women suffering from this disease. Dopaminergic drugs such as cabergoline and bromocriptine are considered the core treatment options for this condition. The objective of this research is to perform an elaborate comparison between the effectiveness and safety of cabergoline and bromocriptine using an analysis of various randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses. The results indicate that cabergoline not only demonstrates better effectiveness in normalizing prolactin levels but also offers ovulatory menses and absence of galactorrhea. Furthermore, cabergoline has better tolerability and safety.
History of Phthisiology and Epidemiology
Phthisiology, the specialized branch of medicine dealing with tuberculosis (TB), and epidemiology, the study of disease patterns in populations, have evolved in parallel over centuries. Tuberculosis, historically known as “phthisis” or “consumption,” has been one of the most persistent and deadly infectious diseases in human history. Its impact has extended beyond medicine into social, economic, and cultural domains. This article provides a comprehensive and expanded exploration of the historical development of phthisiology and epidemiology, highlighting major milestones, scientific breakthroughs, and public health strategies that shaped modern understanding and control of TB.
Obstetric Outcomes in Preeclamptic Pregnancies by Nice Risk Groups
Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, affecting 3–8% of pregnancies worldwide, including Kazakhstan. According to NICE guidelines, risk stratification can be performed based on maternal factors, including obstetric and medical history. However, the effectiveness of this approach is limited: its predictive value is approximately 41% for preeclampsia before 32 weeks of gestation, 39% before 37 weeks, and 34% at 37 weeks and beyond. Therefore, this study presents a retrospective analysis of pregnant women with preeclampsia stratified into risk groups based solely on maternal factors.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): a Comprehensive Review
Executive Summary: PCOS is a common, complex endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Its prevalence is around 8–13% worldwide (up to 20% with broad criteria)[1][2]. PCOS is defined by a combination of ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and/or polycystic ovarian morphology[3][4]. Patients often present with irregular menses, hirsutism, acne, and obesity. PCOS has multi-system effects – it carries significant metabolic risk (insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease) and reproductive consequences (infertility, pregnancy complications)[5][6]. Effective management requires a stepwise approach: exclude other causes, apply appropriate diagnostic criteria (Rotterdam, NIH, etc.), and address lifestyle, metabolic, and fertility goals. First-line treatment emphasizes lifestyle modification (diet, exercise) plus tailored pharmacotherapy: e.g. combined oral contraceptives (for cycle regulation/hirsutism) and metformin (for insulin resistance)[7][8]. For fertility issues, letrozole is now the preferred ovulation induction agent[9]. Clinicians must also screen for psychiatric comorbidity; women with PCOS have ~1.2–1.5× higher risk of depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorders[10]. This review covers epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic algorithms, management strategies, outcomes and pitfalls, with detailed references. Aim: To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies of PCOS. Methods: A narrative review of peer-reviewed articles, clinical guidelines, and global health reports published between 2010 and 2025 was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: PCOS affects approximately 6–20% of women depending on diagnostic criteria. Key features include menstrual irregularities, infertility, insulin resistance, obesity, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diagnostic variability and lack of awareness contribute to delayed diagnosis. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach including lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, and long-term monitoring.
Gallstone Disease: Etiology, Types, Differential Diagnosis, Complications and Surgical Management
Gallstone disease (cholelithiasis) is one of the most common disorders of the hepatobiliary system worldwide. It is characterized by the formation of solid deposits within the gallbladder due to abnormalities in bile composition, impaired gallbladder motility, and metabolic disturbances. Gallstones may remain asymptomatic or may present with biliary colic and complications such as acute calculous cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, obstructive jaundice, and cholangitis. The formation of gallstones is associated with multiple risk factors including obesity, female gender, increasing age, pregnancy, and metabolic disorders. Early diagnosis is achieved through clinical evaluation and imaging techniques such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, and endoscopic procedures. Management of gallstone disease depends on the severity of symptoms and associated complications. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is currently considered the gold standard treatment for symptomatic gallstones. This study reviews the causes of gallstone formation, classification of gallstones, differential diagnosis, complications, and modern surgical treatment methods used in the management of cholelithiasis.
Quantitative Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes of Levonorgestrel-Releasing IUCD (LNG-IUS) in Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: a Comparative Study
One of the widespread diseases affecting the reproductive system in women is heavy menstrual bleeding, causing many complications such as iron deficiency anemia and fatigue, and lowering the quality of life of women significantly. In this paper, the efficacy of hormonal intrauterine contraception is evaluated in order to meet the demand for efficient treatment methods that have long-lasting effects without surgeries. The purpose of the current work is to perform a quantitative analysis of the clinical effectiveness in terms of decrease in menstrual blood loss, improvement in blood indicators, pain relief, menstruation disappearance, and patients' satisfaction. It is necessary to analyze the results of randomized clinical trials, prospective cohorts, and systematic reviews on the subject matter. The obtained data suggest the presence of a significant decrease in menstrual blood loss, improvement in hemoglobin level, and pain symptoms. Many patients stopped having menses while using the new method. It proved to be more efficient, satisfactory, and easier to continue compared to conventional therapies. Thus, this article offers a unique analysis combining quantitative measures and comparative evaluation of the effect of the therapy on patients' health.
Risk Factors for Recurrence of Stone Formation in Patients with Nephrolithiasis and Post-COVID Syndrome Undergoing Metaphylactic Treatment
Today, the problem of urolithiasis (UL) as a metabolic disorder characterized by the formation of stones in the kidneys, remains extremely relevant due to its prevalence in urological practice (ranking second only to urinary tract infections), its tendency toward frequent recurrence (30–80%), and serious complications, especially among individuals of working age, remains extremely relevant. UL can lead to renal failure, disability, and mortality among patients.
Гигантская миома матки с подозрением на лейомиосаркому: клинический случай длительного течения и трудности диагностики
Миома матки является наиболее распространённой доброкачественной опухолью женской репродуктивной системы. В редких случаях длительное течение заболевания с прогрессирующим ростом узлов может сопровождаться развитием дегенеративных изменений и затруднениями дифференциальной диагностики с злокачественными новообразованиями. Представлен клинический случай пациентки 52 лет с 20-летним анамнезом миомы матки, характеризующийся прогрессирующим ростом опухоли, развитием анемического синдрома, компрессионным синдромом органов малого таза и отсутствием эффекта от эмболизации маточных артерий. По данным МРТ выявлены признаки, подозрительные на лейомиосаркому (гетерогенность структуры, зоны некроза, интенсивное контрастирование). Пациентке выполнена тотальная гистерэктомия с придатками. Окончательный диагноз установлен морфологически.
Послеоперационные осложнения в ринопластике: профилактика и коррекция
Ринопластика остаётся одной из самых востребованных операций в эстетической и реконструктивной хирургии, при этом полностью исключить риск осложнений на практике невозможно даже при соблюдении техники и опыта хирурга. Их частота и характер во многом зависят не только от объёма вмешательства, но и от исходной анатомии, состояния тканей и послеоперационного ведения пациента. В работе рассмотрены наиболее частые послеоперационные осложнения ринопластики - от ранних (кровотечения, гематомы, инфекция) до поздних (нарушение носового дыхания, деформации, рубцовые изменения). Отдельно проанализированы ситуации, в которых осложнение формируется не сразу, а становится заметным через несколько месяцев после операции. Показано, что значительная часть осложнений связана не с грубыми техническими ошибками, а с недооценкой анатомических особенностей и неправильным выбором хирургической тактики. В связи с этим особое внимание уделено профилактике: предоперационному планированию, аккуратной работе с тканями и контролю за послеоперационным периодом. Также рассмотрены подходы к коррекции осложнений от консервативных методов до показаний к ревизионной ринопластике. Своевременное выявление проблемы и выбор адекватной тактики позволяют избежать повторных вмешательств или значительно уменьшить их объём.
Оптимизация оказания кардиологической помощи в сельских регионах
Сельское население сталкивается с множеством проблем в доступе к качественной медицинской помощи, особенно в области кардиологии. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) занимают ведущие позиции среди причин смертности и инвалидизации, и их распространенность в сельских районах продолжает расти.
Сравнительная оценка методов хирургического лечения миомы матки
Миома матки остаётся одной из наиболее частых доброкачественных опухолей женской репродуктивной системы, требующей хирургического вмешательства. Современные методы лечения включают гистероскопическую, лапароскопическую и лапаротомическую миомэктомии, однако выбор оптимальной тактики зависит от множества факторов. Проведён ретроспективный анализ 94 историй болезни пациенток с диагнозом «миома матки», оперированных в 2021–2022 гг. Методами лечения были: гистероскопическая (n=30), лапароскопическая (n=42) и лапаротомическая (n=22) миомэктомия. Изучены возраст, индекс массы тела, длительность заболевания, размеры и количество узлов, выраженность симптомов, интра- и послеоперационные показатели, осложнения, сроки госпитализации, рецидивы. Статистическая обработка проводилась в Microsoft Excel 2016, использован t-критерий Стьюдента, p<0,05 считалось значимым. Гистероскопическая миомэктомия характеризовалась минимальной кровопотерей (40±15 мл), краткой госпитализацией (1,8±0,5 суток) и низким уровнем осложнений (6,7%). Лапароскопическая миомэктомия показала оптимальный баланс между травматичностью и радикальностью. Лапаротомическая миомэктомия сопровождалась большей кровопотерей (320±110 мл), длительной госпитализацией (5,9±1,2 суток), высоким уровнем осложнений (31,8%) и наибольшим риском рецидива (27,3%, OR=4,17; 95% ДИ: 1,16–14,92). Малоинвазивные методы миомэктомии демонстрируют лучшие результаты по реабилитации и безопасности. Выбор хирургической тактики должен учитывать клинические характеристики и индивидуальные репродуктивные цели пациентки.
Innovations in Packaging: the Application of New Materials and Technologies
In the modern era, the packaging industry goes beyond simply protecting and transporting products; it must also meet environmental, technological, and economic demands. Traditional packaging materials such as plastic, paper, glass, and metal have revealed various limitations over time, prompting the search for innovative and sustainable alternatives. In recent years, biodegradable materials, recyclable composites, and smart or functional packaging technologies have gained increasing attention. These alternatives not only preserve product quality but also reduce environmental impact, optimize production processes, and better meet consumer needs. Particularly in sectors like food, e-commerce, and logistics, such innovations are being rapidly adopted. The implementation of packaging innovations provides companies with a competitive advantage while contributing to sustainability goals. This abstract provides a general overview of recent developments in packaging technologies, the limitations of conventional materials, and the advantages of modern alternatives.
Nature management, Resource saving and Ecology
Directions for the Development of Ecotourism in the Shaki-Zaqatala Economic Region
Within the framework of the study, the region’s natural landscape features, cultural heritage, and ecotourism opportunities were assessed, and the current state of infrastructure was analyzed. The results of the analysis indicate that the tourism sector of the Zaqatala district has a high potential for development. However, weaknesses in infrastructure and marketing strategies, as well as the need to improve the quality of tourism services, were observed. The study also identified the level of local population employment in the tourism sector and the main problems they face in this field. At the same time, the article puts forward proposals related to the development of alternative types of tourism (ecotourism), the identification of new tourism routes, and ensuring sustainable tourism development based on clustering.
Public–Private Partnership and its Importance for Energy Investments
It is understood that energy investments, as a necessity and reality of life, are now shaped—within the framework of advanced technology and ecology that characterizes the 21st century, at whose beginning we still stand—by the tripod of “geo-economics, political economy, and the knowledge economy.” From this perspective, the role of the Public–Private Partnership (PPP) model—considered an innovation—is primarily examined within a theoretical framework in the context of energy investments. Since energy is a vital resource worldwide, energy investments possess a strategic character and, accordingly, have evolved into a vast market.
Удосконалення електропривода подач багатоцільового верстата
Проведено аналіз роботи системи керування електропривода подачі багатоцільового верстата.